ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC-R) in the fetal small bowel transplantation model. METHODS: Two groups were constituted: The Isogenic transplant (ISO, C57BL/6 mice, n=24) and the allogenic transplant (ALO, BALB/c mice, n=24). In each group, the animals were distributed with and without IPC-R. It was obtained the following subgroups: Tx, IPC-R, Fk, IPC-Fk, in both strains. Intestinal grafts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The graft development evaluation in ISO group showed that IPC-R reduced the development compared with ISO-Tx (5.2±0.4 vs 9.0±0.8) and IPC-R-Fk increased the graft development compared with IPC-R (11.2±0.7 and 10.2±0.8). In ALO group, IPC-Fk increased the development compared with ALO-Tx and ALO with IPC-R (6.0±0.8, 9.0±1.2, 0.0±0.0, 0.5±0.3). The PCNA expression was increased in ISO group treated with Fk and IPC-R compared to other groups (12.2±0.8 vs Tx: 8.8±0.9, IPC-R: 8.0±0.4 and Fk: 9.0±0.6). The graft rejection was lower in groups treated with IPC-R (-18%), Fk (-68%) or both (-61%) compared with ALO-Tx. CONCLUSION: Remote ischemic preconditioning showed benefic effect even associate with Tacrolimus on the development and acute rejection of the fetal small bowel graft in the Isogenic and Allogenic transplants.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the NAC effects on liver hypothermic preservation at different time intervals. METHODS: For this, we used livers of male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300g, undergoing preservation in Ringer solution at 4°C for up to 24 hours. Tissue samples were obtained at four moments of preservation for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining: T0 = beginning of preservation, T12 = 12 hours, T18 = 18 hours and T24 = 24 hours. Will be analyzed vacuolation, hepatic apoptosis by optical microscopy and parenchymal. RESULTS: The results showed a progressive increase in hepatic injury in both groups and showed that NAC was effective at T0. The parenchyma preservation was better in the NAC group and no difference when vacuolization of the cells. CONCLUSION: Hypothermic preservation, over time, causes changes in the hepatic parenchyma with increased apoptosis, loss of architecture, vacuolization, culminating in severe injury. The administration of N-acetylcysteine protects against preservation liver injury.

PURPOSE: To assess ischemic preconditioning (IPC) effects in pulmonary lesion in intestinal and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury models using diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes (DM) was induced in 28 male Wistar rats by alloxan (42 mg/kg, IV). After 28 days, severe DM rats were submitted to intestinal or hepatic IR injury with or without IPC. Intestinal IR (30 min of mesenteric artery occlusion and 30 min of reperfusion; n=6) and IPC groups (10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion, followed by intestinal IR; n=6), and Hepatic IR (30 min of hepatic pedicle occlusion and 30 min of reperfusion; n=5) and IPC groups (10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion, followed by hepatic IR; n=5), were compared to DM rats group (n=6). Plasmatic lactate, glycemia were measured before and after IR injury. Histomorphology of lung was performed counting inflammatory cells. Data was expressed in mean± SE. P<0.05. RESULTS: Glycemia and lactate were similar among groups. IPC did not interfere in these parameters. On histological evaluation, IR increased inflammatory cells infiltration in pulmonary parenchyma compared to control in both IR injury models. IPC attenuated inflammatory infiltration in lungs. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning protects against remote ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung on intestinal or hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model with acute diabetes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do precondicionamento isquêmico (PCI) associado a diferentes soluções de preservação, na proteção do intestino delgado. MÉTODOS: Quatro grupos de 14 ratos Wistar, foram submetidos à laparotomia e coleta de 20 cm de íleo, para preservação, a 4ºC, nas soluções de Belzer (Belz), Ringer (RL), Celsior (Cs) e Custodiol (Cust) por 24 horas. Previamente à coleta, em metade dos animais de cada grupo, o intestino foi submetido ao PCI. Durante a preservação, nos períodos de Zero, 12, 18 e 24 horas, foram realizados avaliação do grau de lesão da mucosa e dosagem do ácido malondialdeído (MDA). RESULTADOS: Em todos os períodos o grupo RL, sem e com pci, apresentou valores maiores de MDA do que o Belz e Cs. O grau de lesão da mucosa nos grupos sem pci com preservação de 12h, no grupo RL, foi maior que nos demais; com 18h e 24h o grupo RL e Cust apresentaram maiores graus de lesão do que Cs e Belz. Com o pci, em todos os períodos, os grupos Belz e Cs apresentaram menores graus de lesão CONCLUSÃO: As Soluções Celsior e Belzer tiveram melhores efeitos na proteção do intestino e estes efeitos foram incrementados pelo precondicionamento isquêmico.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) associate with different preservation solutions, in the protecting of gut. METHODS: Four groups of 14 rats underwent laparotomy and collecting 20 cm of ileum, for preservation, at 4ºC, in Belzer (Belz), Ringer (RL), Celsior (Cs) and Custodiol (Cust) solutions, for 24 hours. Prior to collection, half of the animals in each group were subjected to IPC. During preservation, in the periods of zero, 12, 18 and 24 hours, were conducted evaluating the degree of mucosal injury and dosage of malondialdehyde acid (MDA). RESULTS: In all periods the RL group, with and without IPC, presented MDA values higher than the Belz and Cs. The degree of mucosal injury in the non-ipc RLgroup with 12h preservation was higher than the others; with 18 and 24h, the RL and Cust had higher degrees of damage than Cs and Belz. With IPC, in all periods, the group Cs and Belz had lower degrees of injury. CONCLUSION: The Celsior and Belzer solutions had better protective effects on the gut and these effects were enhanced by IPC.

Na síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão os pulmões podem ser alvo de lesão a distância como nos casos de choque, trauma ou ainda nos casos de transplante hepático. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito protetor da N-acetilcisteína (NAC) sobre os pulmões após isquemia hepática. Métodos: Foram utilizados 12 ratos, machos, linhagem EPM-1 Wistar, separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos com seis animais (controle e experimento). Os animais de ambos os grupos foram submetidos à anestesia com cloridrato de quetamina e cloridrato de xilazina. Realizou-se a incisão mediana longitudinal, identificação do hilo hepático e da veia cava caudal. Quinze minutos antes do clampeamento injetou-se solução glicosada a 5% no grupo controle e NAC diluída em solução glicosada a 5% no grupo experimento. Os animais foram mantidos em isquemia hepática durante 30 minutos, sendo em seguida realizada toracotomia e remoção cirúrgica dos pulmões para avaliação histológica com coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina. Resultados: A análise dos cortes do parênquima pulmonar mostrou semelhança nos dois grupos estudados, ocorrendo colapso alveolar, infiltrado neutrofílico, congestão vascular e áreas hemorrágicas, compatíveis com a repercussão sistêmica da isquemia hepática. Conclusão: A NAC não modifica a lesão pulmonar decorrente da isquemia, à microscopia óptica.

In ischemia and reperfusion syndrome, the lungs can be the target of remote lesion as it happens in cases of shock, trauma, or liver transplantation. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the lungs following liver ischemia. Methods: 12 male EPM-1 Wistar rats were used, divided into two groups of six animals each (control and experimental). Animals of both groups received anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine. Longitudinal medial incision was performed for identification of the hepatic hilum and caudal vena cava. 5% glucose solution was injected in the control group 15 minutes before hepatic hilum clamping, and NAC dissolved in the same solution was injected in the experimental group. The animals were maintained in hepatic ischemia during 30 minutes, followed by surgical resection of the lungs for histological evaluation, stained by HE. Results: Cavity collapse, neutrophil-permeation, vessel congestion, and hemorrhagic areas were observed which are compatible with systemic repercussion of liver ischemia, in all animals of both groups. Conclusion: NAC does not protect lungs from morphological changes following liver ischemia.

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